Basic Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering [ECE Department]

Basic Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering [ECE Department]

Basic Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering

[ BE3254 2021 Regulation Anna University]

UNIT I: TRANSFORMER

1. Transformer - Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation
2. Single Phase Transformer Construction and Principle of Operation
3. EMF Equation of Transformer
4. Transformer on No-Load
5. Transformer on Load
6. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer
7. Regulation of Transformer
8. Transformer Losses and Efficiency
9. All Day Efficiency of Transformer
10. Auto Transformer
11. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - Transformer
12. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - Transformer

REFER

1. Transformer: Principle of Operation
2. An ideal Transformer: Principle of Operation
3. Induction Law - Transformer
4. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer
5. Transformer Losses
6. Transformer Tests
7. Efficiency of a Transformer
8. Voltage Regulation of Transformer
9. Auto Transformer
10. Three-phase autotransformer connection
11. Parallel Operation of Transformers
12. Tap Changing in Transformer
13. Solved Problems - Transformer - Electrical machines
14. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical machines - Transformer

UNIT II: DC MACHINES

1. Three Phase Circuits, A Review
2. Construction of DC Machines
3. Theory of Operation of DC Generators
4. Characteristics of DC Generators
5. Operating Principle of DC Motors and Torque Equation
6. Types of DC Motors and their Characteristics
7. Speed Control of DC Motors
8. Application of DC Motor
9. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - DC Machines
10. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - DC Machines

REFER

1. Construction of DC Machines
2. Lap Winding
3. Wave Winding
4. EMF Equation of DC Generators
5. Armature reaction
6. Methods of excitation of the field windings
7. Methods of Excitation used for DC Generator
8. Commutation and Interpoles
9. DC Generator Characteristics
10. Important short questions and answers: DC Generators
11. Principle of operation of a D.C. Motor
12. Working of D.C. Motor
13. Types of DC Motors
14. DC Motor Characteristics
15. Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor: Varying Armature Resistance, Field Resistance
16. Starting of DC Motors
17. Three Point Starter: Working principle
18. Four Point Starter
19. Swinburne�s Test
20. Hopkinson�s test: Procedure, Calculation of efficiency, Advantages, Disadvantages
21. Braking of DC shunt motor
22. Important Short questions and answers: DC Motor - Electrical machines

UNIT III: AC ROTATING MACHINES

1. Types, Construction and Working of 3 Phase Induction Motor
2. Equivalent Circuit of Induction Motor
3. Construction of Single-Phase Induction Motors
4. Types of Single Phase Induction Motors and Double Revolving Field Theory
5. Starting Methods of Induction Motor
6. Types, Construction and Working Principle of Synchronous Generator or Alternator
7. Equation of Induced EMF - Synchronous Generator or Alternator
8. Voltage Regulation - Synchronous Generator or Alternator
9. Working Principle and Methods of Starting of Synchronous Motors
10. V Curves
11. Important Short Questions and Answers: Induction Machines and Synchronous Machines

UNIT IV: MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

1. Transducers
2. Classification of Electrical Transducers
3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Electrical Transducers
4. Characteristics of Transducer
5. Transducer Selection Factors
6. Resistance Transducers
7. Resistance Thermometers: Construction, Advantages, Limitations
8. Thermistors: Construction, Advantages, Limitations
9. Capacitive Transducers and its Application
10. Inductive Transducers
11. Digital Transducers
12. Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Measurement
13. Errors in Measurement
14. Strain gauge: Principle of Working, Materials Used, Applications
15. Capacitive Transducers
16. Piezo electric transducer
17. Variable Inductive Transducers: LVDT and RVDT
18. Important Short Questions and Answers: Basics of Measurement and Instrumentation

REFER

1. Fundamental Principles of A.C. Machines
2. E.M.F. equation of an elementary alternator single phase
3. E.M.F. equation of an elementary alternator three phase
4. Relation between speed and frequency
5. Factors affecting the induced emf (Coil Pitch and Distributed Windings) - Synchronous Generator
6. Armature Reaction - Synchronous Generator
7. Synchronous Generators
8. Open circuit characteristic (OCC) and Short Circuit Characteristics (SCC) of a Synchronous generator
9. Armature Reaction Reactance - Synchronous Generators
10. Synchronous reactance
11. Short Circuit Ratio (SCR) - Synchronous Generator
12. Load Characteristics - Synchronous Generator
13. Potier Reactance - Synchronous Generator
14. Voltage Regulation - Synchronous Generator
15. Methods of finding Voltage Regulation in Synchronous Generator
16. Power angle characteristics
17. Salient pole alternators and Blondel's Two Reaction Theory
18. Direct-axis and Quadrature-axis Synchronous Reactances
19. Power Angle Characteristic of Salient Pole Machine
20. Slip Test
21. Parallel Operation of Alternators
22. Synchronizing Current
23. Effect of Change of Excitation
24. Effect of Change of Input Torque
25. Sharing of load when two alternators are in parallel
26. Prime-mover Governor Characteristic
27. Important Short Questions and Answers: Synchronous Generator
28. Synchronous Motors: Construction, Operating Principle, Equivalent Circuit
29. Phasor Diagram - Synchronous Motors
30. Torque and Power Relations
31. V-Curves and Inverted V-Curves
32. Effect of Changing Field Excitation at Constant Load
33. Synchronous Condenser and its Advantages, Disadvantages
34. Methods of starting synchronous motor
35. Performance Characteristic of Synchronous Motors
36. Hunting and Damper Winding
37. Synchronous Induction Motor
38. Important Short Questions and Answers: Synchronous Motors
39. Three Phase Induction Motor
40. Types and Construction of Three Phase Induction Motor
41. Squirrel cage Induction Motors
42. Slip ring Induction Motors
43. Principle of Operation - Three Phase Induction Motor
44. Rotating Magnetic Field and Induced Voltages
45. Alternate Analysis for Rotating Magnetic Field
46. Phasor Diagram of Three Phase Induction Motor
47. Equivalent Circuit of Three Phase Induction Motor
48. Power and Torque Relations of Three Phase Induction Motor
49. Induction Motor Torque
50. Rotor Output
51. Circle Diagram - analyse the three phase induction motor performance
52. Tests to Determine the Equivalent Circuit Parameters - Induction Motor
53. Construction of Circle Diagram - Induction Motor
54. Performance Characteristics of Three phase Induction Motor
55. Operation with Unbalanced Supply Voltage on Polyphase Induction Motors
56. Important Short Questions and Answers: Three Phase Induction Motor
57. Methods of Starting Three Phase Induction Motors
58. Starting of Slip-Ring Induction Motors
59. Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors
60. Changing applied voltage - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors
61. Rotor resistance control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors
62. Cascade control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors
63. Pole changing method - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors
64. Stator frequency control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors
65. Power Stages in an Induction Motor
66. Double Cage Induction Motor: Construction, Working
67. Cogging and Crawling of Induction Motor
68. Induction Generator
69. Induction Generator advantages, disadvantages and Application
70. Induction Motor Braking Regenerative Plugging Dynamic
71. Important Short Questions and Answers: Starting and Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor

UNIT V: BASICS OF POWER SYSTEMS

REFER

1. D.C and A.C Bridges
2. Wheatstone bridge(Null-type, D.C. bridge)
3. Deflection-type D.C. bridge
4. Null-type impedance A.C bridge
5. Maxwell bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages and Disadvantages
6. Schering Bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages
7. Hay Bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages and Disadvantages
8. Wien bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages
9. Transformer Ratio Bridges & Self-Balancing Bridges
10. Digital Voltmeter (DVM)
11. Digital Multi Meter (DMM)
12. Storage oscilloscope
13. Wheat stone bridge and Kelvin�s double bridge
14. Q-Meter
15. Important Short Questions and Answers: Analog and Digital Instruments

[ BE8254 2017 Regulation Anna University]

UNIT I : AC CIRCUITS AND POWER SYSTEMS

1. Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials
2. Laws Governing Magnetic Circuits
3. Flux Linkage, Inductance and Energy
4. Statically and Dynamically Induced Emf
5. Properties of Magnetic Materials
6. Iron or Core losses
7. AC Operation of Magnetic Circuits
8. Transformer as a Magnetically Coupled Circuit
9. Solved problems - Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials
10. Important Short Questions and Answers : Electrical machines - Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic Materials

UNIT II : TRANSFORMER

1. Transformer - Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation
2. Single Phase Transformer Construction and Principle of Operation
3. EMF Equation of Transformer
4. Transformer on No-Load
5. Transformer on Load
6. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer
7. Regulation of Transformer
8. Transformer Losses and Efficiency
9. All Day Efficiency of Transformer
10. Auto Transformer
11. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - Transformer
12. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - Transformer

REFER

1. Transformer: Principle of Operation
2. An ideal Transformer: Principle of Operation
3. Induction Law - Transformer
4. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer
5. Transformer Losses
6. Transformer Tests
7. Efficiency of a Transformer
8. Voltage Regulation of Transformer
9. Auto Transformer
10. Three-phase autotransformer connection
11. Parallel Operation of Transformers
12. Tap Changing in Transformer
13. Solved Problems - Transformer - Electrical machines
14. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical machines - Transformer

UNIT III : DC MACHINES

1. Three Phase Circuits, A Review
2. Construction of DC Machines
3. Theory of Operation of DC Generators
4. Characteristics of DC Generators
5. Operating Principle of DC Motors and Torque Equation
6. Types of DC Motors and their Characteristics
7. Speed Control of DC Motors
8. Application of DC Motor
9. Solved Problems: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - DC Machines
10. Important Short Questions and Answers: Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation - DC Machines

REFER

1. Construction of DC Machines
2. Lap Winding
3. Wave Winding
4. EMF Equation of DC Generators
5. Armature reaction
6. Methods of excitation of the field windings
7. Methods of Excitation used for DC Generator
8. Commutation and Interpoles
9. DC Generator Characteristics
10. Important short questions and answers: DC Generators
11. Principle of operation of a D.C. Motor
12. Working of D.C. Motor
13. Types of DC Motors
14. DC Motor Characteristics
15. Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor: Varying Armature Resistance, Field Resistance
16. Starting of DC Motors
17. Three Point Starter: Working principle
18. Four Point Starter
19. Swinburne�s Test
20. Hopkinson�s test: Procedure, Calculation of efficiency, Advantages, Disadvantages
21. Braking of DC shunt motor
22. Important Short questions and answers: DC Motor - Electrical machines

UNIT IV : AC MACHINES

1. Types, Construction and Working of 3 Phase Induction Motor
2. Equivalent Circuit of Induction Motor
3. Construction of Single-Phase Induction Motors
4. Types of Single Phase Induction Motors and Double Revolving Field Theory
5. Starting Methods of Induction Motor
6. Types, Construction and Working Principle of Synchronous Generator or Alternator
7. Equation of Induced EMF - Synchronous Generator or Alternator
8. Voltage Regulation - Synchronous Generator or Alternator
9. Working Principle and Methods of Starting of Synchronous Motors
10. V Curves
11. Important Short Questions and Answers: Induction Machines and Synchronous Machines

REFER

1. Fundamental Principles of A.C. Machines
2. E.M.F. equation of an elementary alternator single phase
3. E.M.F. equation of an elementary alternator three phase
4. Relation between speed and frequency
5. Factors affecting the induced emf (Coil Pitch and Distributed Windings) - Synchronous Generator
6. Armature Reaction - Synchronous Generator
7. Synchronous Generators
8. Open circuit characteristic (OCC) and Short Circuit Characteristics (SCC) of a Synchronous generator
9. Armature Reaction Reactance - Synchronous Generators
10. Synchronous reactance
11. Short Circuit Ratio (SCR) - Synchronous Generator
12. Load Characteristics - Synchronous Generator
13. Potier Reactance - Synchronous Generator
14. Voltage Regulation - Synchronous Generator
15. Methods of finding Voltage Regulation in Synchronous Generator
16. Power angle characteristics
17. Salient pole alternators and Blondel's Two Reaction Theory
18. Direct-axis and Quadrature-axis Synchronous Reactances
19. Power Angle Characteristic of Salient Pole Machine
20. Slip Test
21. Parallel Operation of Alternators
22. Synchronizing Current
23. Effect of Change of Excitation
24. Effect of Change of Input Torque
25. Sharing of load when two alternators are in parallel
26. Prime-mover Governor Characteristic
27. Important Short Questions and Answers: Synchronous Generator
28. Synchronous Motors: Construction, Operating Principle, Equivalent Circuit
29. Phasor Diagram - Synchronous Motors
30. Torque and Power Relations
31. V-Curves and Inverted V-Curves
32. Effect of Changing Field Excitation at Constant Load
33. Synchronous Condenser and its Advantages, Disadvantages
34. Methods of starting synchronous motor
35. Performance Characteristic of Synchronous Motors
36. Hunting and Damper Winding
37. Synchronous Induction Motor
38. Important Short Questions and Answers: Synchronous Motors
39. Three Phase Induction Motor
40. Types and Construction of Three Phase Induction Motor
41. Squirrel cage Induction Motors
42. Slip ring Induction Motors
43. Principle of Operation - Three Phase Induction Motor
44. Rotating Magnetic Field and Induced Voltages
45. Alternate Analysis for Rotating Magnetic Field
46. Phasor Diagram of Three Phase Induction Motor
47. Equivalent Circuit of Three Phase Induction Motor
48. Power and Torque Relations of Three Phase Induction Motor
49. Induction Motor Torque
50. Rotor Output
51. Circle Diagram - analyse the three phase induction motor performance
52. Tests to Determine the Equivalent Circuit Parameters - Induction Motor
53. Construction of Circle Diagram - Induction Motor
54. Performance Characteristics of Three phase Induction Motor
55. Operation with Unbalanced Supply Voltage on Polyphase Induction Motors
56. Important Short Questions and Answers: Three Phase Induction Motor
57. Methods of Starting Three Phase Induction Motors
58. Starting of Slip-Ring Induction Motors
59. Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors
60. Changing applied voltage - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors
61. Rotor resistance control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors
62. Cascade control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors
63. Pole changing method - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors
64. Stator frequency control - Speed control of Three Phase Induction Motors
65. Power Stages in an Induction Motor
66. Double Cage Induction Motor: Construction, Working
67. Cogging and Crawling of Induction Motor
68. Induction Generator
69. Induction Generator advantages, disadvantages and Application
70. Induction Motor Braking Regenerative Plugging Dynamic
71. Important Short Questions and Answers: Starting and Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor

UNIT V : MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION

1. Transducers
2. Classification of Electrical Transducers
3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Electrical Transducers
4. Characteristics of Transducer
5. Transducer Selection Factors
6. Resistance Transducers
7. Resistance Thermometers: Construction, Advantages, Limitations
8. Thermistors: Construction, Advantages, Limitations
9. Capacitive Transducers and its Application
10. Inductive Transducers
11. Digital Transducers
12. Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Measurement
13. Errors in Measurement
14. Strain gauge: Principle of Working, Materials Used, Applications
15. Capacitive Transducers
16. Piezo electric transducer
17. Variable Inductive Transducers: LVDT and RVDT
18. Important Short Questions and Answers: Basics of Measurement and Instrumentation

REFER

1. D.C and A.C Bridges
2. Wheatstone bridge(Null-type, D.C. bridge)
3. Deflection-type D.C. bridge
4. Null-type impedance A.C bridge
5. Maxwell bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages and Disadvantages
6. Schering Bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages
7. Hay Bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages and Disadvantages
8. Wien bridge: Definition, Circuit Diagram, Explanation, Advantages
9. Transformer Ratio Bridges & Self-Balancing Bridges
10. Digital Voltmeter (DVM)
11. Digital Multi Meter (DMM)
12. Storage oscilloscope
13. Wheat stone bridge and Kelvin�s double bridge
14. Q-Meter
15. Important Short Questions and Answers: Analog and Digital Instruments